(This file was produced from images produced by Core
Historical Literature in Agriculture (CHLA), Cornell
University)






Transcriber's Note:

The spelling in this text has been preserved as in the original.
Obvious printer's errors have been corrected. A list of the
corrections can be found at the end of this e-text.

* * * * *




CATTLE AND THEIR DISEASES

EMBRACING

THEIR HISTORY AND BREEDS, CROSSING AND BREEDING, AND
FEEDING AND MANAGEMENT; WITH THE DISEASES
TO WHICH THEY ARE SUBJECT, AND
THE REMEDIES BEST ADAPTED
TO THEIR CURE.

TO WHICH IS ADDED A LIST OF THE MEDICINES USED IN TREATING CATTLE.

BY ROBERT JENNINGS, V. S.,

PROFESSOR OF PATHOLOGY AND OPERATIVE SURGERY IN THE VETERINARY COLLEGE OF
PHILADELPHIA; LATE PROFESSOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN THE AGRICULTURAL
COLLEGE OF OHIO; SECRETARY OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY ASSOCIATION
OF PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF "THE HORSE
AND HIS DISEASES," ETC., ETC.

[Illustration: With Numerous Illustrations.]

PHILADELPHIA:
John E. Potter and Company,
617 Sansom Street.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, by
JOHN E. POTTER,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, in and
for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.




PREFACE.


A marked interest has of late years been manifested in our country
relative to the subject of breeding and rearing domestic cattle. This
has not been confined to the dairyman alone. The greater portion of
intelligent agriculturists have perceived the necessity of paying more
attention than was formerly devoted to the improvement and perfection of
breeds for the uses of the table as well. In this respect, European
cattle-raisers have long taken the precedence of our own.

The gratifying favor with which the author's former publication, "The
Horse and his Diseases," has been received by the public, has induced
him to believe that a work, similar in spirit and general treatment,
upon Cattle, would not be without interest for the agricultural
community.

In this belief, the present treatise has been prepared. The author has
availed himself of the labors of others in this connection; never,
however, adopting results and conclusions, no matter how strongly
endorsed, which have been contradicted by his own observation and
experience. In a field like the one in question, assuredly, if anywhere,
some degree of independent judgment will not be censured by those who
are familiar with the sad consequences resulting from the attempted
application of theories now universally exploded, but which in the day
and generation of their originators were sanctioned and advocated by
those who claimed to be magnates in this department.

To the following works, especially, the author acknowledges himself
indebted: American Farmer's Encyclopædia; Stephens's Book of the Farm;
Flint's Milch-Cows and Dairy Farming; Laurence on Cattle; Allen's
Domestic Animals; Youatt and Martin on Cattle; Thomson's Food of
Animals; Allen's Rural Architecture; Colman's Practical Agriculture and
Rural Economy; Goodale's Breeding of Domestic Animals; and Prof.
Gamgee's valuable contributions to veterinary science.

Particular attention is requested to the division of "Diseases." Under
this head, as in his former work, the author has endeavored to detail
the symptoms of the most common ailments of cattle in such a manner that
every farmer and cattle-owner can at once understand them, and also to
suggest such procurable remedies as a wide experience has proved to be
most efficacious.

A generous space has been devoted to the consideration of that fatal
epidemic, now generally known as "Pleuro-Pneumonia," as it has
manifested itself in Europe and this country, in the belief that a
matter of such vital importance to the stock-raiser ought to receive a
complete exposition in a work like the present. As the author's personal
experience in connection with the treatment of this peculiar disease has
been, perhaps, as large and varied as that of any American practitioner,
he is not without the hope that his views upon the matter may prove
productive of some benefit to others.

Should the present volume prove as acceptable to those interested as did
his former work, the author will be abundantly satisfied that he has not
mistaken in this instance the wants of the public.




CONTENTS.


HISTORY AND BREEDS OF CATTLE, 13

THE BRITISH OX, 15

AMERICAN CATTLE, 21
The Ayrshire, 23
The Jersey, 30
The Short-Horns, 32
The Dutch, 36
The Hereford, 38
The North-Devon, 41
Native Cattle, 43

NATURAL HISTORY OF CATTLE, 50
Gestation, 51
Formation of Teeth, 51
Points of a Good Cow, 57

THE MILK-MIRROR, 61


CROSSING AND BREEDING, 77

PREGNANCY, 92

TREATMENT BEFORE CALVING, 93


FEEDING AND MANAGEMENT, 97

SOILING, 118

CULTURE OF GRASSES FOR FODDER, 122

THE BARN, 146

MILKING, 155

RAISING OF CALVES, 168

POINTS OF FAT CATTLE, 183

DRIVING AND SLAUGHTERING, 188


DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES, 205

Abortion, 206
Apoplexy, 215

Black-Water, 215
Bronchitis, 216

Consumption, 217
Coryza, 217
Cow-pox, 218

Diarrhoea, 219
Dysentery, 220

Enteritis, 222
Epizoötics, 224
Epizoötic Catarrh, 234

Fardel, 236
Foul in the Foot, 237

Garget, 237
Gastro-enteritis, 238

Hoose, 238
Hoove, 239
Hydatids, 240

Inflammation of the Bladder, 241
Inflammation of the Haw, 241
Inflammation of the Kidneys, 242
Inflammation of the Liver, 242

Laryngitis, 243
Lice, 244

Mange, 244
Murrain, 246

Navel-ill, 247

Obstructions in the Oesophagus, 247
Open Joints, 248
Parturition, 248
Free Martins, 251
Cleansing, 253
Inversion of the Uterus, 253

Phrenitis, 254
Pleurisy, 255
Pleuro-pneumonia, 256
Pneumonia, 300
Protrusion of the Bladder, 302
Puerperal Fever, 302

Quarter Evil, 303

Rabies, 304
Red Water, 305
Rheumatism, 307

Strangulation of the Intestines, 308

Thrush in the Mouth, 308
Tumors, 308

Ulcers about the Joints, 312

Warbles, 313
Worms, 315
Worms in the Bronchial Tubes, 316


SURGICAL OPERATIONS, 316

Castration, 316
Tracheotomy, 319
Spaying, 320

LIST OF MEDICINES USED IN TREATING CATTLE, 330

DOSES OF VARIOUS MEDICINES, 336




ILLUSTRATIONS.


PAGE
A Prize Bull, 13
The Well-fed Beasts, 19
An Ayrshire Bull, 23
A Short-horn Bull, 33
A North Devon Steer, 41
Draft Oxen, 45
Skeleton of the Ox, 50
Teeth at Birth, 52
Teeth at Second Week, 52
Teeth at Three Weeks, 53
Teeth at a Month, 53
Teeth at Five to Eight Months, 53
Ten Months Teeth, 53
Twelve Months Teeth, 54
Fifteen Months Teeth, 54
Eighteen Months Teeth, 55
Teeth at Two Years Past, 55
Teeth at Three Years Past, 56
Teeth at Four Years Past, 56
Teeth at Five Years Past, 56
Teeth at Ten Years Past, 56
A Good Milch Cow, 58
Milk-Mirror (A), 62
Milk-Mirror (B), 63
Milk-Mirror (C), 63
Milk-Mirror (D), 64
Milk-Mirror (E), 65
Milk-Mirror (F), 66
Milk-Mirror (G), 69
Milk-Mirror (H), 70
Milk-Mirror (K), 72
Milk-Mirror (L), 74
Cow and Calf, 77
Ready for Action, 83
A Sprightly Youth, 89
Feeding, 97
The Family Pets, 102
Buying Cattle, 107
Calling in the Cattle, 112
"On the Rampage", 117
Patiently Waiting, 123
A Chance for a Selection, 129
A West Highland Ox, 139
Barn for Thirty-four Cows and Three Yoke of Oxen, 150
Transverse Section, 152
Room over the Cow-Room, 153
The Preferable Method, 159
Maternal Affection, 168
Frolicksome, 177
Points of Cattle, 185
A Frontispiece, 190
Scotch Mode of Cutting up Beef, 195
English Mode of Cutting up Beef, 197
Diseases and Their Remedies, 205
A Chat on the Road, 218
The Mad Bull, 230
An Aberdeenshire Polled Bull, 244
Taking an Observation, 256
The Twins, 268
A Rural Scene, 285
Taking it Easily, 299
Home Again, 313




[Illustration]

History and Breeds


It is quite certain that the ox has been domesticated and in the service
of man from a very remote period.